Printers can be divided into serial printers and parallel printers according to data transmission methods.
According to the working principle of printers, printers are divided into two categories: impact type and non-impact type.
Serial dot matrix character non-impact printers mainly include inkjet and thermal printers.
① Inkjet printer. The most widely used printer. The basic principle is that the charged ink jet mist dots are deflected by the electrodes and form the required fonts directly on the paper. Its advantage is that the dots that make up characters and images are much smaller than dot matrix printers, so the resolution of character dots is high, and the printing quality is high and clear. Character size and font can be changed flexibly and conveniently. Plain paper is used for printing, and this typewriter can also be used to directly print on certain products. There is no mechanical abrasion during the formation of characters and graphics, and the energy consumption of printing is small. The printing speed can reach 500 characters per second. Widely used are charge control type (high pressure type) and random inkjet type (negative pressure type) inkjet technology, and dry inkjet printing technology has appeared.
② Thermal printer.
The heat generated by the pulse current flowing through the dot resistance of the print head is transferred to the thermal paper, causing it to change color by heat, thereby printing characters and images. The main features are noiseless, light and small structure, and clear printing. The disadvantages are slow speed and poor handwriting preservation.
Line dot matrix character non-impact printers mainly include laser, electrostatic, magnetic and light-emitting diode printers. ①Laser printer. The laser beam emitted by the laser source is modulated by the acousto-optic deflector controlled by the character dot matrix information, and then enters the optical system. The rotating photosensitive drum is scanned horizontally through a polygonal prism, so that characters or images are formed on the photoconductive film layer on the photosensitive drum. After developing, transferring and fixing the electrostatic latent image, the desired character or image can be obtained on the paper. The main advantage is the high printing speed, which can reach more than 20,000 lines per minute. The printing quality is high, the noise is small, ordinary paper can be used, and characters, graphics and images can be printed. Due to the high printing speed, it looks like printing one page at a time, so it is also called a page printer. ② Electrostatic printer. The pulse voltage is directly applied to a special paper with a layer of dielectric material to obtain an electrostatic latent image on the dielectric, which is developed, heated and fixed to form characters and images. It is characterized by high printing quality, non-fading handwriting, long-term preservation, low power consumption for generating latent images, no noise, simple and reliable. However, special paper is required and the cost is high. ③Magnetic printer. It is the application and development of electronic copy technology. The use of magnetic sensitive media to form the latent image of characters does not require a high-power laser source, and its advantage is that it is not sensitive to changes in humidity and temperature. The printing speed can reach 8000 lines/min. The structure is simple and the cost is low. ④LED printer. Except for using light-emitting diodes as the light source, its working principle is similar to that of a laser printer. Due to the use of light-emitting diodes, the cost is reduced and the power consumption is reduced.
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