The basic principle of a classic radio telescope is similar to that of an optical reflecting telescope. The projected electromagnetic waves are reflected by a precise mirror and reach the common focus in the same phase. Using a rotating paraboloid as a mirror is easy to achieve in-phase focusing. Therefore, most radio telescope antennas are parabolic. The mean square error rate between the surface of the radio telescope and an ideal parabola is not greater than λ/16~λ/10, and the telescope can generally work effectively in the radio waveband with a wavelength greater than λ. For the observation of meter waves or long decimeter waves, a metal mesh can be used as a mirror; while for centimeter waves and millimeter waves, a smooth and precise metal plate (or coating) is required as a mirror. The radio waves projected from the celestial body and collected to the focal point of the telescope must reach a certain power level before they can be detected by the receiver. The current level of detection technology requires the weakest level to reach 10-20 watts. The power of the radio frequency signal is first amplified by 10~1000 times at the focal point, and converted to a lower frequency (intermediate frequency), and then transmitted to the control room with a cable, where it is further amplified and detected, and finally in a manner suitable for specific research To record, process and display.
The antenna collects the radio radiation of the celestial body, the receiver processes and converts these signals into a form that can be recorded and displayed, and the terminal equipment records the signals, and performs certain processing according to specific requirements and then displays them. The basic indicators that characterize the performance of radio telescopes are spatial resolution and sensitivity. The former reflects the ability to distinguish two radio point sources close to each other on the celestial sphere, and the latter reflects the ability to detect weak radio sources. Radio telescopes usually require high spatial resolution and high sensitivity!
A radio telescope is a telescope that mainly receives radiation in the radio band of celestial bodies. The appearance of radio telescopes varies greatly. There are single-caliber spherical radio telescopes fixed on the ground, radio telescopes similar to satellite receiving antennas that can rotate in all directions, radio telescope arrays, and radio telescopes made of metal rods.
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